Tugas Telaah Pranata Masyarakat Inggris

1. The difference between UK and Britain

The United Kingdom is a country that consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In fact, the official name of the country is "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."

Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous regions: England, Wales and Scotland.

2. Definition of County

any of the administrative or geographic subdivisions of certain states, esp any of the major units into which England and Wales are or have been divided for purposes of local government.


3. About St. Patrick, St. Andrews, and St George

a. Saint Patrick
(389?-461?), called the Apostle of Ireland, Christian prelate. His birthplace is uncertain, but it was probably in southwestern Britain; his British name was Succat. At 16 years of age he was carried off by Irish marauders and passed his captivity as a herdsman near the mountain Slemish in county Antrim (according to tradition) or in county Connacht. The young herdsman saw visions in which he was urged to escape, and after six years of slavery he did so, to the northern coast of Gaul. Ordained a priest, possibly by Saint Germanus, at Auxerre, he returned to Ireland. Sometime after 431, Patrick was appointed successor to St. Palladius, first bishop of Ireland. Patrick concentrated on the west and north of Ireland, establishing his see at Armagh. Patrick's two surviving works are written in Latin and demonstrate his acquaintance with the Vulgate translation of the Bible. In one of these works, the Confessions, Patrick portrays himself as an ignorant yokel in an unequal contest with the powerful and learned adherents of Pelagianism. His reported use of the shamrock as an illustration of the Trinity led to its being regarded as the Irish national symbol. A strange chant of his, called the Lorica, is preserved in the Liber Hymnorum (Book of Hymns), and what purports to have been a handbell he used during Mass is shown in the National Museum in Dublin. His traditional feast day is March 17.

b. Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew is the Patron Saint of Scotland. The flag of Scotland is the Cross of St. Andrew, and this is widely displayed as a symbol of national identity.The "Order of Saint Andrew" or the "Most Ancient Order of the Thistle" is an order of Knighthood which is restricted to the King or Queen and sixteen others. It was established by James VII of Scotland in 1687. Just a few things are known about St. Andrew. He was thought to have been a fisherman in Galilee (now part of Israel), along with his elder brother Simon Peter (Saint Peter). Both of them became followers of Jesus Christ, founder of the Christian religion. St. Andrew is said to have been responsible for spreading the tenets of the Christian religion though Asia Minor and Greece. Tradition suggests that St. Andrew was put to death by the Romans in Patras, Southern Greece by being pinned to a cross (crucified). The diagonal shape of this cross is said to be the basis for the Cross of St. Andrew which appears on the Scottish Flag.

c. Saint George
(?-303?), Christian martyr, born in Cappadocia in eastern Asia Minor. His life is obscured by legend, but his martyrdom at Lydda, Palestine, is generally considered a matter of historical fact. It is attested by two early Syrian church inscriptions and by a canon of Pope Gelasius I, dated 494, in which Saint George is mentioned as one whose name was held in reverence. The most popular of the legends that have grown up around him relates his encounter with the dragon, a story that may have been influenced by the Greek myth of Perseus and Andromeda. A pagan town in Libya was victimized by a dragon (representing the devil), which the inhabitants first attempted to placate by offerings of sheep and then by the sacrifice of various members of their community. The daughter of the king (representing the church) was chosen by lot and was taken out to await the coming of the monster, but George arrived, killed the dragon, and converted the community to Christianity. In 1222 the Council of Oxford ordered that the feast of Saint George, on April 23, be celebrated as a national festival, and in the 14th century he became the patron saint of England and of the Order of the Garter.

4. Under Who's Government when Ireland was united with England?
Beginning in the late 15th century, the Irish Parliament was forced to submit all proposed legislation to the English monarch for approval. In the 18th century, Anglo-Irish statesman Henry Grattan fought for Ireland’s independence from Britain, including the right to make its own laws. The Irish Parliament was scheduled to debate the issue, but the British Parliament had already yielded to Grattan’s demand for legislative independence when Grattan delivered this address on April 16, 1782.

5. Union Jack

The Union Jack, the flag of the United Kingdom, evolved from several different cross-based flags. In 1707 England’s Cross of Saint George (a red cross on a white field) was combined with Scotland’s Cross of Saint Andrew (a white saltire, or x-shaped cross, on a blue field) to create the first Union Jack. The modern version of the Union Jack was created in 1801 when Ireland’s Cross of Saint Patrick (a red saltire on a white field) was added. Australia, Fiji Islands, New Zealand, and Tuvalu include the Union Jack in their flags. The flags of Australia and New Zealand, along with those of Papua New Guinea and Samoa, also feature the distinctive Southern Cross constellation to indicate the southern geographic locations of their countries.